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Sao civilisation
The Sao civilization flourished in Middle Africa from ca. the sixth century BC to as late as the sixteenth century AD. The Sao lived by the Chari River south of Lake Chad in territory that later became part of Cameroon and Chad. They are the earliest people to have left clear traces of their presence in the territory of modern Cameroon.〔Hudgens and Trillo 1051.〕 Sometime around the 16th century, conversion to Islam changed the cultural identity of the former Sao. Today, several ethnic groups of northern Cameroon and southern Chad but particularly the Sara, Kotoko claim descent from the civilization of the Sao.
==Origins and decline==
The Sao civilization may have begun as early as the sixth century BC, and by the end of the first millennium BC, their presence was well established south of Lake Chad and near the Chari River.〔DeLancey and DeLancey 237.〕 The city states of the Sao reached their apex sometime between the ninth and fifteenth centuries AD.〔
The Sao's demise may have come about due to conquest, Islamization, or both.〔Fanso 19.〕 Traditional tales say that the Sao west of Lake Chad fell to "Yemenites" from the east. These invaders made several unsuccessful attempts to conquer the Sao before finally succeeding by resorting to trickery. If true, the newcomers may have been Arab Bedouin or Sayfuwa raiders coming from the east who moved into the region in the fourteenth century .〔Palmer, ''Memoirs'', II, 66-68; Levtzion/Hopkins, ''Corpus'', 347.〕 Although some scholars estimate that the Sao civilization south of Lake Chad lasted until the fourteenth or fifteenth century, the majority opinion is that it ceased to exist as a separate culture sometime in the 16th century subsequently to the expansion of the Bornu Empire.〔 Insoll, ''Archaeology'', 281; Fanso, ''History'', 18. 〕 The Kotoko are the inheritors of the former city states of the Sao.〔Lebeuf, ''Principautés'', 53-120.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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